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In November 1967, there were border skirmishes between Chinese and Soviet troops, and the first Chinese fatalities were recorded in January 1968. In February 1969, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) decided to ambush Soviet troops on Zhenbao or Damansky Island, and on 2 March, twenty-nine Soviet soldiers and two officers were killed, and the Chinese lost seventeen men. In all,…
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It was clear to the British government that it needed a nuclear capability, and the quickest way to achieve this…
Cadorna issued an order of the day, warning that the only choice was victory or death. The harshest means would…
It was in France, humiliated by the armies of Prussia and Britain at Rossbach (1757) and Minden (1759) respectively, that…
When the Civil War began, leaders in both the North and the South thought that it would be a short war, but the two sides had very different military strategies regarding how to bring about…
Following the attack on Fort Sumter and the secession by the Confederacy the Union devised a strategy to limit the length of the war. Lincoln had no desire for further bloodshed and thus wanted a…
The entire goal of the American Revolution including the penning of the Declaration of Independence was to gain the colonists and the newly formed American nation legitimacy internationally. The Declaration of Independence was written to…
Helmuth von Moltke Planning and organization were other Prussian strengths not conspicuous in the French army. General Helmuth von Moltke’s…
The decisive attacks on the Allied center by St. Hilaire and Vandamme split the Allied army in two and left…
Sicily is a large three-cornered island that sits just off the south-western tip of mainland Italy, between the eastern and…
Born in Nice to a sea captain father, the young Garibaldi was a professional revolutionary. He took part in the…
(12th or 13th Century B. C. E.) Legendary Bronze Age conflict between Mycenaean Greeks and Troy. Despite the problems inherent in any attempt to employ the Homeric epics in a historical reconstruction of the Trojan War, the latest archaeological evidence from and around the site of Troy has led many…
Five companies, based on the former Afrika-Kompanie and led by Fritz von Koenen. 5th Co. was a coastal raider unit (1.-5.). Beginning in mid-1941, the 13th Company of the 800th Special Purpose Construction Training Regiment Brandenburg was readied in Brandenburg as a “catch basin” for the formation of a tropical…
Fleet Carrier Ark Royal While Dönitz sought to employ groups of U-boats (wolf packs) against convoys in an effort to overwhelm their escorts by conducting a series of well-coordinated attacks against them (Rudeltaktik), Raeder looked to his capital ships to blow them and the merchant ships they were protecting out…
Roman Dromedarii. Dromedarii are auxilliary troops recruited in the desert provinces of the Eastern Empire to take the place of light cavalry in scorching desert conditions.As light troops these men are most useful as screening and scouting forces, although they can be surprisingly effective against other cavalry especially when the…
Detail from Graham Turner‘s Battle of st Albans.Fought on the 22nd May 1455, this was the first battle of what would become known as the Wars of the Roses. Kingmaker, Earl of Warwick, still only thirty-three, had not waited for his young ally before leaving London. With the queen far…
25th Regiment of Foot. A lengthy period of service in Minorca (1768-80) was followed in 1782 by an expedition to Gibraltar, which was under attack by Spain. In the same year the Regiment was retitled ‘The 25th (Sussex) Regiment of Foot’. It was thought that the addition of an English…
But what the regime increasingly required was a military force that fought out of fanatical National Socialist commitment. This was in fact available, in the shape of the Military SS (Waffen-SS). Its history went back to the early days of the Third Reich, when Hitler had formed an armed…
The war with Poland in 1920 shows the Red Army at the height of its capability after a full two and a half years in existence and extensive combat experience, although by mid- 1920, when there was little danger of a White victory with the Volunteer Army bottled up in…
British coastal assault on St Cast in Brittany in September 1758. A German map, published…
Schnellboot S-80 torpedo boat Camo Operations with the Kriegsmarine S-boats were often used to patrol…
American Lend-Lease supplies to the USSR 1941–45. Soviet historiography is mocked in the West, where…
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