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Detail from a miniature, showing an Akıncı-leader, defeating a Hungarian chevalier. Four years earlier the Hungarians were badly defeated by the Ottomans at Varna. Their leader, János Hunyadi, gathered a new army 25,000 strong, including knights from Transylvania, hussar cavalry, and Landsknechte infantry. Hunyadi inflicted major casualties on a much larger Ottoman army led by Sultan Murad II. The key…
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Battle of Lesnaya by Nicolas Larmessin (1722–1724) Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt (1659 – 1719), Riga governor, by David von Krafft. Karl…
Yoni Netanyahu was one of Israel’s most esteemed soldiers. Entebbe Airport. WEDNESDAY 30 JUNE 1976 As the hostages slept, Ehud…
The long-awaited Allied hammer-blow fell on Normandy’s sweeping coastline on 6 June 1944. There the ‘second front’ – a somewhat…
When the Civil War began, leaders in both the North and the South thought that it would be a short war, but the two sides had very different military strategies regarding how to bring about…
Following the attack on Fort Sumter and the secession by the Confederacy the Union devised a strategy to limit the length of the war. Lincoln had no desire for further bloodshed and thus wanted a…
The entire goal of the American Revolution including the penning of the Declaration of Independence was to gain the colonists and the newly formed American nation legitimacy internationally. The Declaration of Independence was written to…
In the war’s first years Sardinia had a small role to play. Its peoples had not taken kindly to Roman…
Japanese troops reaching the destroyed North Station in downtown Shanghai General Zhang, China’s 9th Army Group commander, was a realist.…
The battle cry of the Spanish-American War, coined by the jingo press, whipped up war sentiment after the USS Maine…
Inflexible, 1876, as completed with sails for training. Note the torpedo launching chute over the stem. The design concept of…
1618 engraving by Francesco Basilicata: 1) Castel Vecchio, the oldest part of the Venetian town; 2) Bastione Sabbionara; 3) Bastione Schiavo; 4) Bastione S. Salvatore; 5) 1477 round tower; 6) shipyards In 1645 a Turkish fleet landed an invasion force in Western Crete which progressively took over the entire island…
Descriptions of the action in front of Speen come primarily from Parliamentary accounts of the battle, but none sets out to provide a comprehensive narrative. Keen to gain some credit for a battle in which so little was achieved, the writers concentrate overwhelmingly on the excellent performance of Essex’s veteran…
Saint Augustine (354-430) is one of the most influential thinkers of the Western World. His answers to life’s profound questions shaped Western civilization to an unparalleled degree. Though the popular imagination continued to associate Islam with polytheism, we have seen that some writers and theologians were aware that this was…
A view over Bapaume, taken by Henry Armytage Sanders the day after its capture, showing the huge amount of destruction to the town A New Zealand infantry battalion passing through recaptured Bapaume, 14 September 1918 When the Amiens offensive launched by the Fourth Army astride the Somme on 8 August…
Poles of the 2nd Artillery Group, 2nd Polish Corps, man a heavy artillery piece bombarding German positions. No one was keener to liberate their homeland than the Poles. 2nd Artillery Group: 9th,10th,11th,12th and 13th heavy artillery regiments (pulk artylerii ciezkiej) General Wladislaw Sikorski, the head of the Polish Government in…
An M50 tank that was used in a static defence role by the Israelis. This view shows the access to the shelter. To give added protection the spoil would have been built up around the sides of the tank so that only the turret was visible. This example was located…
The Battle of Quiberon Bay, Nicholas Pocock, 1812. National Maritime Museum. In the naval sphere in 1759, Pitt’s control of British strategy and the military appointments on which it depended was positioning Great Britain to overthrow the French Empire and its naval power lock, stock, and barrel. Not surprisingly, given…
North Korea mounted numerous armed attacks directed against U. S.-ROK forces along the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) in the latter half of the 1960s. With its sustained military operations along the DMZ, North Korea succeeded in diverting U. S.-ROK attention away from Vietnam, straining the U. S.-ROK relationship, and bolstering Kim…
British coastal assault on St Cast in Brittany in September 1758. A German map, published…
Schnellboot S-80 torpedo boat Camo Operations with the Kriegsmarine S-boats were often used to patrol…
American Lend-Lease supplies to the USSR 1941–45. Soviet historiography is mocked in the West, where…
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