Spain
The Ghost Battalion: Spaniards in the Waffen-SS, 1944-1945 Part I
Men of the Spanish Blue Division by Wayne H. Bowen In April 1939, after three years of fighting, Generalismo Francisco Franco and his right-wing forces finally defeated Spain’s Popular Front army to win the Spanish civil war. Franco had received much support from Adolf Hitler in his revolt against the democratically elected leftist government, which in turn left him indebted…
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Spain in the Nineteenth Century I
When France and Great Britain went to war in May 1803, Carlos IV and Godoy hoped to remain neutral despite treaties with Napoleon. Great Britain, however, became suspicious of a Spanish naval buildup, accused Spain of providing haven to French warships, and imposed restrictions on Spanish maritime commerce. In October…
Spain in the Nineteenth Century II
XIX century Carlists Wars – Augusto Ferrer Dalmau Developments in Spain inspired liberal unrest in the Italian peninsula, Portugal, and elsewhere, and the conservative statesmen of Europe took notice. The Russian Empire, the Austrian Empire, the kingdom of Prussia, and the kingdom of France, with its restored Bourbon king Louis…
THE ITALIAN CORPO TRUPPEÂ VOLONTARIE
Italian members of the Corpo Truppe Volontarie which assisted Franco’s forces throughout the war. They wear mounted troops’ bandoliers, and most are armed with the M1891 Carcano carbine with a permanently attached folding bayonet. The first foreign armour to enter service with the Nationalists were five Italian CV 3/35 tankettes,…
San MartĂn (c1579)
San MartĂn was a fine example of Portuguese shipbuilding skills. Note the bonaventure mast, set well in-board and not requiring the precarious stern-boom fitted on Henry Grace Ă Dieu. This painting by Charles Dixon (1872–1934) of the action between San MartĂn and Ark Royal in the Channel is indicative of…
A Potential Invasion of Great Britain’s Home Islands – 1779
Combat between the French frigates Juno and Gentille against the English ship Ardent and the English frigate Fox, August 17, 1779. (Château de Versailles) Each new war expends a great deal of effort to undo the results of the previous one. D’Estaing could not return to the American coast until…
THE QUADRUPLE ALLIANCE AND WAR WITH SPAIN, 1718-1720 Part I
Philip V of Spain The establishment of a Bourbon prince on the throne of Spain was regarded as the great and final achievement of the reign of Louis XIV. The critics of the regent denounced his failure to act in harmony with that sovereign as the unpardonable error of his…