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Military historian Douglas Edward Leach has called 1689 the “year of the great divide, marking as it does the beginning of a series of four major wars whose outcome would shape the whole future of North America.” That year saw the start of the titanic struggle between predominantly Protestant Britain and Catholic France that lasted for seven bitter decades. In…
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Nieuport 11 Raoul Lufbery – Brian Knight The French Nieuport 11 fighter was an outstanding fast and maneuverable aircraft. The…
Battle of Cynossema, 411 BCE. Athenian fleet in blue, Spartan navy in red. Bloodbath Yet if the Aegean had been…
With the menace from Zerel removed, the Germans were able to make better progress with their sweeping, and on the…
When the Civil War began, leaders in both the North and the South thought that it would be a short war, but the two sides had very different military strategies regarding how to bring about…
Following the attack on Fort Sumter and the secession by the Confederacy the Union devised a strategy to limit the length of the war. Lincoln had no desire for further bloodshed and thus wanted a…
The entire goal of the American Revolution including the penning of the Declaration of Independence was to gain the colonists and the newly formed American nation legitimacy internationally. The Declaration of Independence was written to…
Frederick the Great greets General Zieten after the Battle of Torgau. Frederick’s first attempt to take the high ground at…
The third gun whose production occupied Krupp’s designers after 1937 was this 80cm monster. In common with most superweapons many…
Corpo di Spedizione Italiano (CSI – Italian Expeditionary Corps in Russia) As Europe’s first fascist dictator, it was inevitable that…
Zil-157 Soviet command truck The Soviet Union was a pretty forward thinking place in regard to tanks and SP…
Territories held by Germany (1st May, 1945) The story of Ferdinand Schorner’s Army Group Centre, which formed the ‘balcony’ on the left or southern flank of the Russian forces operating on the Berlin axis. Schorner (promoted to field-marshal 5 April) deployed the Fourth Panzer Army along the border hills with…
Though there had been no significant tank-versus-tank engagements during the Polish campaign, German planners were aware that against the French and British, they would face superior numbers, better armed and armored vehicles, and not least stronger antitank defenses. As the Wehrmacht began the process of deploying westward, the armored force…
Battle of Kulikovo The armies of north-eastern Russia from the Mongol conquest until the accession of Ivan the Terrible. Dvor were the paid troops of the prince and the more important boyars. This period saw the rise of Moscow to preeminence under the protection of Mongol overlordship. Muscovite rulers were…
In the late 1940s and early 1950s an experienced Soviet aircraft designer endeavoring to compete with Mil met with scant helicopter success. A. S. Yakovlev had produced several successful fixed-wing aircraft during World War II, and he placed his Yak 100 helicopter into competition with the Mi-1. Yakovlev’s helicopter greatly…
SWISS ON THE MARCH BURGUNDIAN PIKEMAN AND CROSSBOWMAN BURGUNDIAN ARCHER AND HANDGUNNER BURGUNDIAN ARTILLERY BURGUNDIAN GENDARMES AND COUSTILLIER SWISS PIKEMEN SWISS HANDGUNNERS SWISS HORSE ARBALIST and CROSSBOWMEN (1) and (2) CAPTAIN OF SWISS (1) HALBERDERS (2), (3) and (4) (5) Banner of the Canton of Bern. (6) Banner of the…
Rommel, post 17 July 1944, still recovering from his wounds. Reasoned Reality versus an Unbending and an Irrevocable Path to Gotterdammerung! Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, professional soldier, decorated veteran of the First World War, was well liked by the National Socialist leadership and for a time commanded Hitler’s headquarters military…
The complete sequence of Zveno developments (not all were tried). In 1930 Vakhmistrov suggested that a cheap glider might be used as an aerial gunnery target, and he quickly perfected a way of carrying such a glider above the upper wing of an R-l reconnaissance aircraft and releasing it in…
MantineiaDownload The Spartans were sane and disciplined; the Argives, neither. The latter had far less reason than the former to be enraged about the four-month truce. Alciphron and Thrasylus had rescued them from a catastrophe. But they were furious nonetheless, “thinking,” as Thucydides puts it, “that the Lacedaemonians had escaped…
British coastal assault on St Cast in Brittany in September 1758. A German map, published…
Schnellboot S-80 torpedo boat Camo Operations with the Kriegsmarine S-boats were often used to patrol…
American Lend-Lease supplies to the USSR 1941–45. Soviet historiography is mocked in the West, where…
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