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Portrait by Anton Raphael Mengs, c. 1761 Though Fernando VI’s reign saw the end of French tutelage, the latest intellectual currents from France and elsewhere circulated among the Spanish elite and characterized Spain’s version of the Enlightenment. Spain adopted the enlightened passion for scientific investigation, governmental reform, and social justice that affected much of the rest of Europe. However, Spanish…
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When it agreed to the imposition of United Nations Resolution 1972 to protect the people of Benghazi Russia did not…
The S-102 on patrol, the low profile of these fast craft is clear to see in this photograph. A view…
3–12 November 1944 During the month of October, the Allied Army was at a standstill along the German border. One…
When the Civil War began, leaders in both the North and the South thought that it would be a short war, but the two sides had very different military strategies regarding how to bring about…
Following the attack on Fort Sumter and the secession by the Confederacy the Union devised a strategy to limit the length of the war. Lincoln had no desire for further bloodshed and thus wanted a…
The entire goal of the American Revolution including the penning of the Declaration of Independence was to gain the colonists and the newly formed American nation legitimacy internationally. The Declaration of Independence was written to…
War was on the minds of officials in Washington, too, but as a disaster to be avoided, not an opportunity…
This late 15th-century picture of the battle of Neville’s Cross in 1346 shows fallen warhorses. Despite their power, horses proved…
The Convair YB-60 Prototype is a piece of digital artwork by Erik Simonsen which was uploaded on June 23rd, 2018.…
Zhou Enlai was born March 5, 1898, in Huaian County, Jiangsu Province. Upon graduating from Tianjin Middle School, he studied…
One of the most famous light cavalry charges of the era was made by the Polish Chevaux-Legers regiment at Somosierra, during the 1808 campaign in Spain. This charge demonstrates not only the abilities of light cavalry on the battlefield, but also the dramatic impact that a cavalry charge could have…
One of five 40 Squadron RNZAF C-130Hs, which included the first three production H models and were delivered in April 1965, crossing a remote Pacific island. The squadron’s duties include flights to the Antarctic base at McMurdo. The RNZAF has provided Hercules air support to cultural activities in New Zealand…
A Xian H-6K bomber One of Russia’s first effective jet bombers, the Tupolev Tu-16 has enjoyed a frontline service career matched by few other types. The Tu-16 was made possible by the development of the Mikulin AM-3 turbojet, which also powered the four engined Myasishchyev M-4 ‘Bison’. A prototype designated…
HMS Cossack attacks the MV Altmark by Norman Wilkinson. National Maritime Museum Greenwich. Just before dawn on 14 February 1940, a large sleek vessel entered Norwegian territorial waters off the Helgeland coast. After rounding the white-painted Halten Lighthouse she took an easterly course across Frohavet before turning south into the…
James Gavin, the youngest Major General at the time. American medium tanks M4 «Sherman’ 4th Armored Division and U.S. trucks 82nd Airborne Division U.S. in Belgium. General Gavin was dining with his staff on the evening of December 17, 1944, when the telephone shrilled. The Germans had broken through in…
While the French were massing their Nieuport fighters over Verdun, the RFC prepared to support its Somme offensive with Nos. 24, 29 and 32 Sqns, equipped with DH 2 pushers. The RFC had also acquired a handful of Nieuport 16s, but those were allotted to reconnaissance squadrons. A notable example…
In the Persian Gulf, a port quarter view of the guided missile frigate USS STARK (FFG-31) listing to port after being hit by two Iraqi Exocet missiles within 30 seconds. 37 sailors are killed. The Persian Gulf April 18, 1988 The Cold War was a period of putative world peace…
The Stalingrad Front’s line now stretched for 700 kilometres (almost 440 miles), so to make it more manageable it was divided on 5 August, Gordov retaining its northern half, the other becoming a new South-East Front under Colonel-General A. I. Yeremenko. Each had four armies (a Soviet army was roughly…
British coastal assault on St Cast in Brittany in September 1758. A German map, published…
Schnellboot S-80 torpedo boat Camo Operations with the Kriegsmarine S-boats were often used to patrol…
American Lend-Lease supplies to the USSR 1941–45. Soviet historiography is mocked in the West, where…
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