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Emperor Alexander II and his wife, Empress Maria, with their son, the future Alexander III by Sergei Lvovich Levitsky 1870 Alexander II, who would one day be known as Alexander the Liberator, was crowned on August 17, 1856. He ascended the throne on the eve of Russia’s defeat in a hastily prosecuted war in Crimea; his first task as the…
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Soviet Aviadezantnaya Samochodnaya Ustankova or airborne self-propelled gun. The ASU equipments of the Soviet army are specialized self-propelled antitank and…
The German blockade of the British Isles, the so-called Sperrgebiet, or “prohibited area,” might be described as a rectangle with…
General Sherman at war’s end with Generals Howard, Logan, Hazen, Davis, Slocum, and Mower; Howard and Logan were the last…
When the Civil War began, leaders in both the North and the South thought that it would be a short war, but the two sides had very different military strategies regarding how to bring about…
Following the attack on Fort Sumter and the secession by the Confederacy the Union devised a strategy to limit the length of the war. Lincoln had no desire for further bloodshed and thus wanted a…
The entire goal of the American Revolution including the penning of the Declaration of Independence was to gain the colonists and the newly formed American nation legitimacy internationally. The Declaration of Independence was written to…
PzKpfw Tiger ausf E. 2.Kompanie, schwere Panzer-Abteilung 501. Byelorussia. Winter 1943-44. Photographed during the battles along the Dnieper in the…
Imperial Japanese Navy Antisubmarine Escorts 1941-45 The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) placed little importance on dedicated anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capability.…
With the seizure of Crete, Erich Raeder and his naval strategists came to view the Mediterranean, not Russia, as the…
By Richard Abels King Harold Godwineson is remembered as one of the great `losers’ in history, the man who provided…
Some basic stats on the 25 year old AMRAAM. A rival to AMRAAM is the Meteor Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile (BVRAAM), the product of another international missile programme includes Saab Dynamics. This Matra/ BAe Dynamics-led programme included partners from the four Eurofighter-producing countries; Saab Dynamics was an exception but…
Individual Viking warriors known during the eighth through eleventh centuries for their ferocity. A sixth-century bronze matrix depicting berserkers. Berserkers were associated with shape changing or the wearing of animal skins, such as the wolf costume shown here. The berserkers were the semi-mythological Viking warriors who foamed at the mouth…
It is an axiom among historians that a knowledge of history can serve as a guide to the present. This is not to say that the present ought simply to imitate the past, for every human situation is indeed unique, but rather that individuals and groups should act to meet…
The first few months of Henry V’s reign gave little indication that any radical change in the appreciation of naval power was in the offing. The clerk of the king’s ships for the period March to June 1413, one William Loveney, stated in his accounts that he had neither received…
A brief history by the late Robert D Fritz Work on the giant weapon begun as far back as 1934, when German army ordnance enquired of Krupp’s the weight and speed required of a projectile to demolish the massive defences of the Maginot line which the French were then in…
Confederate Sharpshooters or Skirmishers Plan of Fort Wagner, with overlay showing armament. In the wake of the victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg, Union Major General Quincy Gillmore wanted to add Charleston to the growing laurels of victory and take his place alongside Meade and Grant as a national hero. Since…
During November 1942 Admiral Sir Percy Noble, who had been C.-in-C., Western Approaches since February 1941, was succeeded by Admiral Sir Max Horton. Starting with miserably inadequate resources, Noble had done a magnificent job in creating a viable AS defence for the convoys. Churchill, however, found him lacking sufficient aggression,…
The German army had launched its large-scale counter-attack through the Ardennes against the Anglo-American forces on 16 December, and the U-boats were ordered to redouble their efforts to coincide with the assault. There had indeed been an increase in the number of U-boats at sea and sinkings achieved, see earlier.…
British coastal assault on St Cast in Brittany in September 1758. A German map, published…
Schnellboot S-80 torpedo boat Camo Operations with the Kriegsmarine S-boats were often used to patrol…
American Lend-Lease supplies to the USSR 1941–45. Soviet historiography is mocked in the West, where…
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