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Battle of Cajamarca and the capture of Atahualpa Francisco Pizarro’s route of exploration during the conquest of Peru (1531–1533) The Famous Thirteen by Juan Lepiani Spanish Conquest of Peru, 1532 Francisco Pizarro conquered the largest amount of territory ever taken in a single battle when he defeated the Incan Empire at Cajamarca in 1532. Pizarro’s victory opened…
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A certain stability, or at least consistency, returned to Italy in the middle of the tenth century when Otto, the…
A mitred Adhémar de Monteil carrying the Holy Lance in one of the battles of the First Crusade Bishop of…
Notable missile systems such as Scud, Scaleboard and Scarab gave Soviet commanders the means to strike deep into the enemy’s…
When the Civil War began, leaders in both the North and the South thought that it would be a short war, but the two sides had very different military strategies regarding how to bring about…
Following the attack on Fort Sumter and the secession by the Confederacy the Union devised a strategy to limit the length of the war. Lincoln had no desire for further bloodshed and thus wanted a…
The entire goal of the American Revolution including the penning of the Declaration of Independence was to gain the colonists and the newly formed American nation legitimacy internationally. The Declaration of Independence was written to…
In ancient Africa peoples or rulers went to war for many reasons. They may have sought to add to their…
Longbowmen and crossbowmen take aim at one another in this depiction of a fifteenth-century naval battle. (Cotton Jul. E VI…
Austrian cavalry charge on Hungarian border outpost In the spring of 1848 Vienna and Budapest were still in the grip…
The Magnetic Mine Napoleon once said that he preferred marshals with luck. Somebody else said, “Luck is a matter of…
USS Nautilus was one of the V boats and a Narwhal class submarine. It was the third ship in the US Navy to be called this. The submarine was originally named as the V-6 (SF-9). Subsequently on February 11th, 1925, the design of the submarine was modified and was assigned…
On 24 November 1895 Heinrich Eberbach was born in Stuttgart, the son of a salesman. At the age of six his father died prematurely and his widowed mother, who was left to bring up five children, did not have an easy time. The young Heinrich was not a good pupil…
Art by MUNEO HOSAKA Set up in warehouses belonging to a tobacco factory, the Ne 20 group comprised 10 officers and 200 men. Here, two bench testing stations were created and Ne 20 development and testing continued. The process revealed numerous flaws. At one stage the pressure of the axial-flow…
The Imperial Japanese navy conducted a more thorough battleship reconstruction programme than any fleet except the Italian, extending ships’ hulls, adding considerable power, and modernising fire control (with added gun elevation to match). The two Fuso-class battleships (Yamashiro is shown) were the first, and their ‘pagoda’ foremasts were the most…
On the morning of 7 June the situation in the Caen sector was so uncertain that higher command could play no role in the day’s events. 1st SS Panzer Corps headquarters commanded by Sepp Dietrich ordered 12th SS and 21st Panzer to launch a simultaneous counterattack to break through to…
“In his hand, the marshal’s staff was more than just an ornament!” it was said of Bavaria’s heir to the throne, Crown Prince Rupprecht, who both served a Kaiser and frightened a future Nazi Führer. The noted German author Blohm referred to Rupprecht as “A man of simple tastes who…
Derfflinger was struck only once during the battle. At 11.40 a 13.5in shell struck the belt armour 1.15m above the waterline to starboard at frame 181 and detonated without penetrating. Here the belt was 300mm thick. The plate was pushed in approximately 10cm and was left with an indentation 30mm…
Czech Flight Lieutenant Karel Kuttelwascher was a highly experienced pilot, and a successful intruder. Hurricane MkIIC flown by Karel Kuttelwascher as part of No1 Sqn RAF. The majority of the home-based Hurricane II squadrons took part in night intruder operations at one time or another during 1942, and some became…
British coastal assault on St Cast in Brittany in September 1758. A German map, published…
Schnellboot S-80 torpedo boat Camo Operations with the Kriegsmarine S-boats were often used to patrol…
American Lend-Lease supplies to the USSR 1941–45. Soviet historiography is mocked in the West, where…
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