Spain
marques de Santa Cruz, (1526â1588)
Don Ălvaro de BazĂĄn, marquĂ©s de Santa Cruz de Mudela NĂ© Alvara de BazĂĄn. Spanish admiral. Spanish admiral, member of the Order of Santiago, considered the primary organizer of the Spanish Armada against England in 1588. Born on 12 September 1526 in Granada, Spain, BazĂĄn was the son of the general of Spanish galley squadrons in the Mediterranean. With his…
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War of the Mantuan Succession
The French were active in Italy. In combination with Savoy, they tried to seize Spainâs ally Genoa in 1625, only to be driven back by the Spaniards. Two years later, the end of the direct male line of the Gonzaga family produced a contested succession for the Duchies of Mantua…
War Against the Turks
Sembrose por la corte como negocio venido de la mano de Dios, y ĂĄ todos nos parescia un sueño, por sir cosa que no se ha jamas visto oido esta batalla y victoria naval. There is no man at the court who does not discern in it the hand of…
Spain in the Early Thirty Yearsâ War
The Surrender of Breda, 1625. Ambrogio SpĂnola in black armour- Diego Rodriguez de Silva y VelĂĄzquez As the Twelve Yearsâ Truce approached its end, it became obvious that the Spanish empire needed a new strategy. By 1618, Europe was drifting into the generalized crisis that became the Thirty Yearsâ War.…
The Spanish Military Renaissance 1717-27
French map of the siege shows British naval bombardments on each side of the peninsula, aimed at Spanish land positions. The French had battled for more than a decade to place a Bourbon dynasty on the throne of Spain, but harsh Realpolitik asserted itself as soon as they had made…
Anglo-Spanish disputes, 1718-39
The Battle of Cape Passaro, 11 August 1718. The Battle of Glenshiel 1719. In 1719 that the Irish exile, the Duke of Ormonde, organized an expedition with extensive Spanish support to invade Britain and replace King George I with James Stuart, the Jacobite âOld Pretenderâ. However, his fleet was dispersed…
Anglo-Spanish War 1727-29
Contemporary representation of the siege of Gibraltar in 1727. PRINCIPAL COMBATANTS: Principally Britain and France vs. Spain and Austria PRINCIPAL THEATER(S): Gibraltar, West Indies, Isthmus of Panama, Spanish Main DECLARATION: Spain declared war on England in February 1727. MAJOR ISSUES AND OBJECTIVES: Spain wanted to force Britain to cede Gibraltar…