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After Napoleon fled Egypt, General KlĂ©ber took Napoleon’s place as the commander of the army, he was assassinated shortly after. When Napoleon slipped so ignobly out of Egypt in August 1799, he left his deputy KlĂ©ber in an impossible position–and perfectly furious. The army’s morale, after the long and abortive Syrian expedition, was lower than ever. Many of its soldiers…
On 2 August 1956 the British cabinet approved military preparations to overthrow Nasser and seize the Canal. This was the antithesis of appeasement, itself condemned by most British newspapers. None wrote with more vim than The Times, eager to compensate for its pusillanimity towards Nazi Germany: Nations live by vigorous…
Professed patriots of all classes and political persuasions rallied behind the embattled government, regarding the Gaitskellite assault as treason. Lord Home, an appeaser at Munich but an aggressor at Suez, assured Eden: “If our country rediscovers its soul and inspiration, your calm courage will have achieved this miracle.” The Suez…
“King Louis IX of France embarks on the Seventh Crusade” Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France MS FR 2813, fol. 298v King of France (1226–1270) and leader of crusades in 1248–1254 and 1270, both of which were intended to relieve the Holy Land. The son of King Louis VIII of France…
Attaque des flĂ»tes le Lys et l’Alcide. En 1755, Dubois de La Motte escorte au Canada d’importants renforts. Deux de ces navires sont interceptĂ©s par les Anglais. Naval officer; b. 1683 in Rennes, France, son of Jean-François de Cahideuc, Comte Dubois de La Motte, and Gilonne-Charlotte de Langan; m. Jeanne-Françoise d’AndignĂ© de…
French Navy ships of the line in the Battle of the Chesapeake. The crisis of 1754 caught the French navy by surprise. Reduced to only thirty-three ships of the line on 1 January 1749, it had grown to fifty-seven ships of the line by 1 January 1755. Thirty-four of these…
French West Africa ( Afrique occidentale française) was by 1913 a federation of eight French colonial possessions in Africa that extended, on an East-West axis, from Senegal on the Atlantic coast to the border of Chad and, on a North-South axis, from the northern border of Senegal and Algeria to…
British coastal assault on St Cast in Brittany in September 1758. A German map, published…
European matchlock musketeers of the Elizabethan period. By the early 1570s the Puritans had grown…
A series of sharp but also intermittent conflicts broke out over control of Italy at…
The artillery of the Imperial Guard, which grew into the Grande ArmĂ©e’s artillery reserve, had…
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This website utilizes various technologies that are meant to make it as accessible as possible at all times. We utilize an accessibility interface that allows persons with specific disabilities to adjust the website’s UI (user interface) and design it to their personal needs.
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Our website implements the ARIA attributes (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) technique, alongside various different behavioral changes, to ensure blind users visiting with screen-readers are able to read, comprehend, and enjoy the website’s functions. As soon as a user with a screen-reader enters your site, they immediately receive a prompt to enter the Screen-Reader Profile so they can browse and operate your site effectively. Here’s how our website covers some of the most important screen-reader requirements, alongside console screenshots of code examples:
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Despite our very best efforts to allow anybody to adjust the website to their needs. There may still be pages or sections that are not fully accessible, are in the process of becoming accessible, or are lacking an adequate technological solution to make them accessible. Still, we are continually improving our accessibility, adding, updating and improving its options and features, and developing and adopting new technologies. All this is meant to reach the optimal level of accessibility, following technological advancements. For any assistance, please reach out to
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