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The End of the Wehrmacht Part I
The Battle of the Bulge was the end of panzer operations in the West. Afterward it became, in Manteuffel’s words, “a corporal’s war—a multitude of piecemeal fights.” It was not much of an exaggeration. Operation North Wind was originally intended to support the Ardennes offensive. Launched into Alsace in January,…
Modern British Army
Lord Guthrie Britain was the last of the great powers to introduce conscription and the first to abandon it. For all but twenty-four years of the British army’s continuous existence since 1660 it has relied on volunteers. Unlike that of any other major power during those three and a half…
German Wehrmacht at Cassino
Albert Kesselring, much-decorated and supremely able, was appointed Oberbefelshaber SĂĽdwest by Hitler on 21 November 1943. Despite the fifty-eight-year old field marshal’s nickname of `Smiling Albert’ (for his `sunny’ countenance), he was a dangerous adversary. After the Allies attacked his villa in Frascati on 8 September, he moved his HQ…
The POWER of the Tiger!
Schwere SS-Panzer-Abteilung 101 (Schwere SS-Panzer-Abteilung 501) 27 August 1944: Three Tigers in action with Kampfgruppe (Oberst) Schrader of the 49. Infanterie-Division along the road Tilly-Vernonet. Tiger 221, in the lead, is knocked out from behind a bend in the road at close distance by a six-pounder antitank gun with the…
Siege of Kohima II
The Battle of Kohima March – July 1944: View of the Garrison Hill battlefield with the British and Japanese positions shown. Garrison Hill was the key to the British defences at Kohima. Inside the perimeter things were very different. In the area of the DC’s bungalow and the tennis courts,…
Plassey
Lord Clive meeting with Mir Jafar after the Battle of Plassey, oil on canvas (Francis Hayman, c. 1762) In early 1756, immediately before the outbreak of the Seven Years War, Allahvardi Khan died, leaving the province to his 20-year – old grandson Siraj-ud-Daulah, the governor (Nawab) of Bengal. Headstrong and…
“Bloody Ridge”
On September 12 a three-column Japanese attack on the perimeter around Henderson Field was repulsed with heavy losses, notably in a fight involving one column assaulting U.S. Marine Raiders on “Bloody Ridge” (or “Edson’s Ridge”). Action on Bloody Ridge On 12 September the Raider-Parachute Battalion attempted to patrol south along…
The Significance of the Korean War in the History of Warfare
Clockwise from top: A column of the U.S. 1st Marine Division’s infantry and armor moves through Chinese lines during their breakout from the Chosin Reservoir; UN landing at Incheon harbor, starting point of the Battle of Incheon; Korean refugees in front of an American M26 Pershing tank; U.S. Marines, led…
Operation Dynamo: Air Operations at Dunkirk 1940
The fighting around Dunkirk had a sobering effect on the German military. The Luftwaffe in particular met a formidable foe for the first time in the war. They lost 240 aircraft in the 9 days of the evacuation; 30 percent of their aircraft were forced out of action between the…
The Soviet officer corps at war – WWII
As in peacetime, the army at war resorted to creative, non-traditional methods to fill leadership gaps with trained, semi-trained, and untrained personnel. To fill generals’ positions, the army resorted to rapid promotion and appointment of non-military personnel, particularly in the rear services, and occasionally for opolchenie units. By and large…