Organisation

French Army Staff and Officers II

Doctrine France Organisation 6 Min Read

Napoleon’s Doctrine Napoleon inherited a functional army from his predecessors, and upon it he imposed a very functional staff system. But what of his doctrine of war? Once more the fact that he was rarely an innovator is apparent, but what he did do would make the French Army into a fighting force that won battles. Tactical doctrine after the…

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Air Warfare Organisation 17 Min Read

Fourteenth Air Force

14th Air Force B-24, China, c. 1944. Newly arrived Fourteenth Air Force B-24 Liberators on the line at Kunming Airport. B-25s in China. The Japanese were unable to defeat Nationalist China before they had commitments to their Pacific War, from December 1941. Now with Allied aid supporting China, even if…

China Medieval Organisation Personnel 11 Min Read

Late Medieval China

A Chinese cavalryman c. 1260 is shown firing on a Mongolian warrior. The huo qiang or fire lance, which may date back to the 10th century. It was essentially a hollow tube made from thick layers of I paper, inside which was put a charge of gunpowder and shrapnel pieces.…

Armies Japan Organisation 27 Min Read

The Army of Meiji 3 of 3 Parts

“Aoyama; Kanpeishiki no Zu”. Emperor Meiji holds a military review at army camp in Aoyama. The Reorganized Superintendency In May 1885 the army ministry revised the garrison regulations. The commander of each garrison became a division commander while the superintendent controlled two divisions and became a corps commander.48 This was…

Germany Operations Organisation Soviet 21 Min Read

The Legacy of Unternehmen Barbarossa I

As far as high-speed mechanized troops are concerned and their location on the forward zone, one has, in general, to see the threat of their sudden concentration in the mere fact of their existence. These motorized troops, having carried out a march of up to 100 kilometers on the day…

Germany Operations Organisation Soviet 23 Min Read

The Legacy of Unternehmen Barbarossa II

Barbarossa’s failure to deliver the knockout blow and the subsequent failure to take Moscow suggest that December 1941 was the moment Germany lost the war. At best, it could expect a long war of attrition in a struggle against the combined might of the United States, the British Empire, and…

Organisation 39 Min Read

The Infrastructure of War

The impact of gunpowder on warfare made itself felt in the field of tactics above all. Its effect on organization, logistics, intelligence, command and control, and on strategy itself, was much less, and for the most part indirect. To understand the technological reality underlying the evolution of warfare in these…

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Fourteenth Air Force

14th Air Force B-24, China, c. 1944. Newly arrived Fourteenth Air Force B-24 Liberators on…

The Incan military – Military Organization

The Incan military was highly organized and consisted of nearly 200,000 soldiers. The military served…

Soviet NKVD II

In a short period of time, with fierce fighting raging in full swing on all…

Soviet NKVD IV

On February 5, 1943 this army was designated as the 70th Army with Far-Eastern, Transbaikal,…