Mongol
The Mongol Invasions of Korea
Koryo’s General Kang Kam-chan battling Mongolians 1235 Mongol invasion of Korea CHRONOLOGY 1231 First Mongol invasion of Korea 1261 Assassination of the Last Ch’oe dictator, end of military rule in Koryimage 1270 Final capitulation of Koryimage court to Mongol siege, beginning of Mongol overlord period 1274 First of two joint Mongol-Korean invasion attempts of Japan 1320s Lady Ki’s travel to…
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Mongol Conquest of Baghdad
During the operations against the Ismā‛īlīs he had demanded reinforcements from the Caliph. Al-Musta‛ṣim’s instinct was to comply; but at the prompting of his ministers and amirs, who argued that the Mongol prince’s real purpose was to reduce Baghdad’s capacity to resist a siege, he had failed to send any…
Java Wars: Rise of Singosari and the Mongol Invasion
Indonesian troops were known for their fierce attack and disregard for their own safety. The use of the spear and blades dominated Indonesian warfare. A statue in Alor, Indonesia, shows a warrior with a light spear and long wooden shield. From the start of the 13th century many of the…
Hülegü’s Campaigns in South-West Asia
Hulagu Khan leading his army. In 1252 the Qaghan Möngke launched fresh campaigns against powers that still resisted the Mongols, partly in order to inject fresh vigour into the process of expansion, which had faltered under Güyüg, but also as a means of consolidating his rule in the wake of…
Tamerlane and the Golden Horde
TAMERLANE (1336–1405). Turkic chieftain and conqueror. He was not Mongol, but sought to trace Mongol connections through his wife’s ancestors. His English name is a corruption of the Persian Timür-i Leng, “lame Timür.” Tamerlane is important not only for his conquests, but for his role in definitively ending the Mongol…
Russia and Invasion
The “Battle on the Ice” Winters in northern Russia are long, and the surface of Lake Chudskoe was still frozen when the Russian force marched out to meet the Germans, along with their Finnish allies, on April 5, 1242. In a scene made famous for modern filmgoers by the director…
KUBLAI KHAN’S FLEET
Preliminary reconstruction of one of Khubilai Khan’s lost ships. The result of generations of Chinese engineering and development, these were the world’s most advanced warships duringthe Medieval period. He squandered his naval advantage with poorly executed attacks on Japan, Vietnam, and Java. Khubilai Khan’s Lost Fleet In Search of a…