Poland

Polish Insurgency II

Poland 19 Min Read

“Battle of OstroĹ‚Ä™ka of 1831”, an 1838 painting by Karol Malankiewicz In the early summer the mood in Germany and in the Frankfurt Parliament began to veer away from internationalist liberalism, and deputies representing the German population of Poznania, Silesia and Pomerania began to voice anti-Polish sentiments. As the liberal ardour spent itself, the Berlin government began to contain the…

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Poland 16 Min Read

Poland Pre-WWII

A handshake between Polish Marshal Edward Rydz-ĹšmigĹ‚y and the German attache, Major General Bogislav von Studnitz, at the “Independence Day” parade in Warsaw, November 11, 1938. The First World War proved to be the turning-point in modern Polish history. It smashed the three empires which held it captive (Russia, Germany…

Air Warfare Aircraft Poland 13 Min Read

POLISH NAVAL AVIATION IN THE 1939 CAMPAIGN

Tension between Poland and the Third Reich was already clear from the spring of 1939 and the intensity of flying at the Polish-German border rose on both sides. Poland’s access to the coast was of a special nature (see the map). Its peculiar character lay in the fact that Polish…

Aircraft Poland 4 Min Read

Fokker F.VIIb-3m – Polish Air Force

By dugazm When in 1927 and 1928 there was a rush of orders for the F. VIlb-3m, the capacity of the Amsterdam factory was insufficient to cope with the demand. There were already plenty of orders in hand for the F. VIIa, F. VIIa-3m, F. VIII and the military C.…

AFV Battle Biography Poland 6 Min Read

Polish Tank Ace

A TKS armed with a Nkm wz.38 FK 20mm autocannon, the same type commanded by Orlik. The alleged wreck of Prince Victor von Ratibor’s Panzer IV. Sketch of the clash at Pociecha made by R. Columbine. 1, II-positions of TK tankettes from km; III, IILA, IlIB with TKS which were…

Baltic Crusades Poland 21 Min Read

Crusader Sieges of Vilnius

Lithuanian Grand-Duke JagieĹ‚Ĺ‚o’s brothers wanted heavier cannons to oppose the Teutonic Knights’ new weapons, but since gun carriages did not exist yet the heavy weapons could only be transported by water. Because the Teutonic Knights controlled the lower reaches of the Nemunas River, the only route from Poland to Lithuania…

German Units Poland 29 Min Read

Third Panzer Division: From the Spree to the Bug 1939 Part I

August 1939 approached. The weather was warm and sunny. There was a lot of activity in the fields and pastures; the harvest needed to be brought in. Who knew when the next bad weather would come? But the sun still smiled down from the clear blue skies. The headquarters and…

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Poland Early 18th Century – The Reign of Anarchy II

Polish army throughout the 18th century, by Karol Linder. Sweden had been wiped out as…

Poland Early 18th Century – The Reign of Anarchy I

Augustus II of Poland. 17th Centruy Polish Dragoons By the last quarter of the seventeenth…

Danzig 1939

Soldiers of the SS-Heimwehr Danzig round up “undesirables” in the free city of Danzig. The…

The Battle of Tannenberg 1410 Part I

Background Two conflicts formed the bookends, so to say, of the fourteenth century in Prussia.…