Ottoman

The Hejaz railway

History Ottoman 20 Min Read

The Hejaz railway connecting Damascus with the Holy Cities of what is now western Saudi Arabia had been built by the Ottoman rulers, and financed by subscriptions from Muslims, in the early years of the twentieth century to ease the difficult journey across the desert for the huge numbers of pilgrims on the annual hajj. Although originally intended to reach…

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Ottoman Wars 15 Min Read

East Central Europe during the Polish and Austrian Succession Wars

French Infantry during War of The Polish Succession 1734-35. 1. Bourbonnois Regt. Drummer. 2.Bretagne Regt. Grenadier. 3.Richlieu Regt. Sergeant 4.Royal Rouissillon Regt, Officer with Colours & Fusilier The first of these European wars of the middle of the eighteenth century, after a brief period of peace which followed the War…

Biography Naval Ottoman Piracy 11 Min Read

Yusuf Karamanli

Barbary pirates board USS Philadelphia (1770–August 4, 1838) Barbary Pirate The Tripolitan Bey Yusuf Karamanli commanded a fleet of pirate vessels that were the scourge of the Mediterranean. His appetite for tribute and hostages was rapacious, leading to the first punitive naval expedition ever mounted by the United States. Yusuf…

Biography Ottoman 4 Min Read

The victories of Bayezid the Thunderbolt 1389-96

Bayezid held by Timurlane Murad’s son Bayezid I, who is known to history by the splendid appellation of ‘the Thunderbolt’, immediately succeeded the dead victor of Kosovo. Murad was the first Ottoman ruler to adopt the title of Sultan, a status confirmed solely by his military prestige, but Beyazid assumed…

Armies Ottoman 6 Min Read

PIKEMEN

One aspect of the military revolution which is alleged to have begun at the end of the fifteenth century is that infantry became more important in the field. This nearly contemporary picture of the battle of Nancy (1477) shows the power of Swiss infantry armed with pykes and halbards. Infantry…

Biography Cossack Ottoman 3 Min Read

Jan III Sobieski (1629–1696)

Jan III Sobieski sending Message of Victory at Vienna to the Pope, details from painting by Jan Matejko in Vatican Museums. Polish military commander, savior of Vienna. Heir to three of Poland’s wealthiest landowning families, Jan Sobieski received a cosmopolitan education and as a young man traveled western Europe on…

Crusades Organisation Ottoman 12 Min Read

Order of Teutonic Knights

Map of the monastic state of the Teutonic Knights 1466 The Battle of Grunwald, First Battle of Tannenberg or Battle of Žalgiris, was fought on 15 July 1410 during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War. The alliance of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led respectively by King Władysław…

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Elizabeth towards War I

European matchlock musketeers of the Elizabethan period. By the early 1570s the Puritans had grown…

The Military of the Byzantines

Dominant military forces of the Middle East between the fourth and fifteenth centuries. At Manzikert…

Spanish arquebusier

1568. Battle of Jemmingen. Spanish arquebusiers. Angel García Pinto for Desperta Ferro magazine Gonzalo de…

TURKISH EXPECTATIONS OF THE ALLIED LANDINGS

The bombardment of the Turkish forts. Original illustration published by H W Wilson, British journalist…