Cossack

Caesar – British destroyer class

British Cossack Warship 5 Min Read

Ordered in February 1942, The Caesar Class was the 11th destroyer flotilla of the emergency war programme. They were of the same design as the earlier ‘Emergency’ flotillas and almost identical to the preceding ‘Z’ or Zephyr Class in which the traditionaI4.7-in (120-mm) gun had been replaced by a new weapon of 4.5-in (114.3-mm) calibre. Having reached the end of…

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Cossack Wars 19 Min Read

Ireland 17th Century

Cromwell Bombards Drogheda, Ireland,1649 Battle of the Boyne 1690. Following defeat of Catholic forces in Ireland by Oliver Cromwell and his generals during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639-1651), Ireland was occupied by garrison units of the New Model Army to assure Protestant ascendancy. The Restoration Army saw more…

Biography Cossack Ottoman 11 Min Read

Karl XII of Sweden (1682-1718)

King of Sweden, 1697-1718. “Lion of the North.” He succeeded his father, Karl XI, two months shy of his 15th birthday. From his earliest boyhood, he was fascinated by all things military-in a manner reminiscent of his lifelong bete noir, Peter I. The early death of his warrior father encouraged…

Biography Cossack 11 Min Read

PAHLAVI DYNASTY

The Shah of Iran. Reza Pahlavi (1919–1980), the shah of Iran, crowned himself emperor on October 26, 1967, causing opposition from many segments of Iranian society. On December 12, 1925, Iran’s parliament amended Iran’s constitution of 1906–1907 to replace the Qajar dynasty (1797–1925) with the Pahlavi dynasty as the legitimate…

Armies Battle Cossack France Russia 11 Min Read

Borodino, Battle of (7 September 1812) Part I

Borodino, the only major set-piece battle during Napoleon’s campaign in Russia, was fought between the Grande ArmĂ©e and the Russian armies of General Mikhail Kutuzov, around the village of Borodino, a small hamlet on the banks of the Kaluga River near the confluence with the Moskva, about 115 kilometers west…

Armies Battle Cossack France Russia 14 Min Read

Borodino, Battle of (7 September 1812) Part II

The Battle of Borodino. With both sides evenly matched and Napoleon unimaginatively content to launch his troops straight into the teeth of prepared positions, the battle was destined to be a costly and exhausting stalemate. Back at the flĂȘches, a Russian grenadier division struggled against overwhelming numbers of attackers until…

Biography Cossack Ottoman 3 Min Read

Jan III Sobieski (1629–1696)

Jan III Sobieski sending Message of Victory at Vienna to the Pope, details from painting by Jan Matejko in Vatican Museums. Polish military commander, savior of Vienna. Heir to three of Poland’s wealthiest landowning families, Jan Sobieski received a cosmopolitan education and as a young man traveled western Europe on…

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Austro-Hungarian Cavalry WWI

Pack-horse of a cavalry machine gun detachment; members of these and the telegraph detachments were…

Moldavia, Tatars and Cossacks I

When Bartolomeo Bruti travelled from Istanbul to Moldavia in the spring of 1580 he was…

The Organization of the Eastern Troops, 5 May 1943

How To Use the Formation Tables BelowThe tables below provide the organization of the Eastern…

The Russian Army of 1812

The Russian Army of 1812 was, in many respects, quite different from the one Napoleon…