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The Fifth Crusade 1213–21 Part III
A 13th century CE manuscript illustration depicting the attack on Damietta in Egypt in 1218-19 CE during the Fifth Crusade (1217-1221 CE). (From the Chronica Majorca by Matthew Paris, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge) WAR IN THE EAST A decision to attack Egypt had been taken at the Fourth Lateran Council…
![Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung [HVA] Defection](https://weaponsandwarfare.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Hauptverwaltung-Aufklarung-HVA-Defection-330x220.jpg "Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung [HVA] Defection 4")
Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung [HVA] Defection
Werner Stiller On 16 August 1951 HVA was given the cover name Institut für wirtschaftliche Forschung (IWF), meaning Institute for Scientific Research. The first head of this new enterprise was Anton Ackermann, another of the returnees who had spent the war in Moscow and returned early to have a career…
Wilhelm Stieber II
With war looming, Bismarck ordered Stieber to shut down his intelligence service in Austria so that there would be no clues that Prussia had spied on Austria in peacetime.5 Stieber’s concluding report to Bismarck included the allegation that Austrian emperor Franz Joseph had begun using a double on public occasions…
BRANDY STATION 9 June 1863 Part I
Buford’s Morning Fight at Brandy Station, June 9, 1863. Following a series of meetings held in Richmond after the Battle of Chancellorsville, Robert E. Lee persuaded the Confederate leadership that the time had come for another invasion of the North. A northward thrust would serve a variety of purposes: First,…
The Emergence of Hoplite Warfare, 900–525 BC I
The darkness of the Greek Dark Age – and indeed the meagreness of all our sources up until that point – are suddenly replaced by an overload of information, beginning as a trickle in the early eighth century and turning into a flood by the following century. The Dark Age…
Strategic Geography of Chinese Sea Power II
Taiwan: Central Link in the Chain While the policy community in the United States remains divided over the geostrategic importance of Taiwan, the notion that the island is imbued with strategic and military value is uncontroversial on the mainland. Indeed, the intersection of geography and strategy is central to many…
COMPUTERS – A LEGACY OF WAR
The Science Museum’s Difference Engine No. 2, built from Babbage’s design The first design for a computer was, of course, a mechanical device with gears and levers designed by the British mathematician Charles Babbage. He first wrote down the idea in a letter to Sir Humphrey Davy in 1822. His…
SPY, BRITANNIA I
‘I pray you, though, tell your folk and home, lest hence ye fare suspect to wander your way as spies in Danish land. Now, dwellers afar, ocean-travellers, take from me simple advice: the sooner the better I hear of the country whence ye came.’ Passage from the oldest English epic,…
Nationalist Agitation and Cold War Phantoms in British Africa 1945–1957
In September 1947 about sixty Africans and West Indians gathered for a rally in Trafalgar Square to air the hopes and discontents of Britain’s colonies. Beyond them was a city of blitzed buildings inhabited by people enduring the rigours of austerity which, the Labour government repeatedly told them, was the…
Passchendaele 1917
The Start of the Attack The attack on the Wytschaete-Messines ridge was a limited ‘bite and hold’ operation designed to clear the southern flank of the forthcoming Third Battle of Ypres. Messines was meticulously planned by General Herbert Plumer, who had taken to heart the key lesson of the Somme,…