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Expanding his navy was actually easier for Alexander than might have been expected. Because most of his recent conquests and alliances had involved maritime powers, his new friends were willing to contribute to his fleet-building efforts. According to Arrian, Cyprus sent 120 warships to Alexander, while both Sidon and Rhodes contributed some triremes, and “about 80 Phoenician ships joined him.”…
Hernán CortĂ©s returned to Tenochtitlán with an enlarged force of conquistadores and much more important, large numbers of allied Mesoamerican warriors who came to complete what the Spanish had started but could not finish on their own. CortĂ©s first systematically dismantled the supports of the Aztec Empire, forging alliances with…
Swedish King Charles X Gustav in skirmish with Polish Tatars near Warsaw 1656. Siege of Warsaw (1656) second day. By the numbers involved, this was a colossal, three-day fight during the second campaign of the Second Northern War (1655-1660). Measured by casualties, it was a much smaller affair: Polish losses…
Working trebuchet at Château des Baux Battles were actually somewhat rare during the Middle Ages; this is because much of medieval combat did not take place on a battlefield at all. Many times one side was protected inside a castle, and thus had the advantage of higher ground and fortified…
Eugene of Savoy at the Battle of Belgrade by Johann Gottfried Auerbach. Eugene crowned his career with the battle of Belgrade, otter which he retired as the most successful general of the Austrian Habsburgs. This reconstruction shows the deployment of forces and the countervallation and circumvallation built by Eugene. There…
Romans besiege Jerusalem The gates of Jerusalem remained open to Jewish pilgrims, so religious fanatics, battle-hardened cut-throats and thousands of refugees poured into the city, where the rebels expended their energies in gang warfare, orgiastic pleasure-seeking and vicious witch-hunts for traitors. Young, brash brigands now challenged the rule of the…
A floating blockade, which was built through the winter of 1584–1585 by two Italian engineers. The task was completed 25 February. Thirty-two barges chained together and anchored to the river bottom formed the center of the boat bridge, measuring 420 yards in length. The 180 yards to either shore were…
Early Fortifications Although fortifications were constructed in Japan prior to the feudal period, frequent conflicts…
In ancient times, cities often had strong walls around them, and warfare against these cities…
The long war was marked by cruelties and breaches of honor on both sides, particularly…
Austrian fleet bombarding rebellious city of Venice during siege in 1849, by Giovanni Battista Borghesi…
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