Crusades

Battle of Świecino

Battle Crusades Poland 11 Min Read

The Battle of Świecino (named for the village of Świecino, near Żarnowiec Lake, northern Poland) also called the Battle of Żarnowiec or in German Battle of Schwetz, took place on September 17, 1462 during the Thirteen Years’ War. The Poles commanded by Piotr Dunin, consisting of some 2000 mercenares and Poles, decisively defeated the 3300 man army of the Teutonic…

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Crusades Medieval Ottoman 10 Min Read

Christian Orders of Chivalry

The model for these royal adaptations was provided by the secular orders of chivalry, the earliest of which had been established in the fourteenth century, two hundred years after the emergence of the military orders. The most important of them, ‘Monarchical Orders’ such as those of the Garter, the Collar…

Crusades 13 Min Read

ALBIGENSIAN CRUSADE – THE CRUSADERS PART I

Before we make a detailed examination of the heresy which provoked the Albigensian Crusade, or sketch in the background of the country where one of the cruellest dramas in French history was destined to be played out, we must, first, study the Crusaders themselves. What manner of men were these,…

Crusades 7 Min Read

ALBIGENSIAN CRUSADE – THE CRUSADERS PART II

The mass of the common people were poor; the bourgeoisie had already become rich, but, like the bourgeoisie everywhere, was wholly self-regarding. The nobility practised a certain ostentatious extravagance, while the prelates of the Church frequently copied the nobility, both in their luxurious habits and their addiction to warfare. The…

Crusades Organisation Ottoman 12 Min Read

Order of Teutonic Knights

Map of the monastic state of the Teutonic Knights 1466 The Battle of Grunwald, First Battle of Tannenberg or Battle of Žalgiris, was fought on 15 July 1410 during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War. The alliance of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led respectively by King Władysław…

Crusades France 8 Min Read

Louis IX of France (1214–1270)

“King Louis IX of France embarks on the Seventh Crusade” Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France MS FR 2813, fol. 298v King of France (1226–1270) and leader of crusades in 1248–1254 and 1270, both of which were intended to relieve the Holy Land. The son of King Louis VIII of France…

Crusades Wars 6 Min Read

Holy War

Many people in the modern world are made uncomfortable by the notion of “holy war”: of wars fought in the name of religions whose central message (in the case of the major salvation religions) appears to be anti-violence. This discomfort leads some students and scholars to discount the genuineness of…

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The Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid revolt began a new age for the Umma. Many Muslims had high expectations…

Arms and Armor Crusades

The arms and armor of the Christian West, Outremer, and Byzantium had a great deal…

Christians, Muslims and Conflicts Up to the First Crusade Part IV

Indeed, medieval writers referred to crusaders and pilgrims with exactly the same word, peregrinus. As…

Christians, Muslims and Conflicts Up to the First Crusade

20 July 802, the first elephant north of the Alps mentioned in a document since…