Axis

Normandie Groupe Air War: Kursk I

Air Warfare Axis France German Units Soviet 15 Min Read

Wishing to avenge the defeat at Stalingrad and at the same time show the German nation that its armies could triumph over the Communist hordes, Hitler ordered the German High Command (OKW) to prepare an attack against the Kursk salient, an operation that would carry the code name ‘Citadel’. With orders to go back on the offensive the German Army…

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Axis German Units Wars 29 Min Read

Army Group North’s Years of Hope and Frustration I

1941: Race to Moscow, German Army Group North, the leadership. The German Push to Leningrad The OKH issued the marshaling order—Aufmarschanweisung Ost (Deployment Directive East)—for the invasion of the Soviet Union on January 31, 1941. With respect to Army Group North, it called for an encirclement of major portions of…

Axis Soviet 28 Min Read

Germany Army in the East, Late 1942-Mid 1943 Part I

The repulse in December of Hoth’s attempt to break through to Stalingrad enabled the Soviet command to reactivate one of the original elements of ‘Saturn’, the attempt to cut off the retreat of Army Group A from the Caucasus. The General Staff recommended that the Southern (formerly Stalingrad) Front, while…

Axis Soviet 33 Min Read

Germany Army in the East, Late 1942-Mid 1943 Part II

The Soviet victory at Moscow made a prolonged war inevitable, hence even more straining Finland’s limited resources, and this was further intensified after Stalingrad. On 3 February, the day after the last German units there surrendered, and four days after the end of Operation ‘Iskra’ at Leningrad, President Ryti took…

Axis Soviet 30 Min Read

Germany Army in the East, Late 1942-Mid 1943 Part III

Another ground for suspicion of Lucy is that not one of Roessler’s alleged sources surfaced after the war ended. If they were really members of OKW or OKH, both defined by the victors as criminal organisations, their careers, incomes and prospects had been terminated by the Wehrmacht’s defeat and disbandment,…

Axis Soviet 31 Min Read

Germany Army in the East, Late 1942-Mid 1943 Part IV

The Soviet position was further eroded by the fact that only their commanders’ tanks had radio transmitters. The rest had only receivers or nothing at all, so that if a commander’s tank was knocked out, his entire unit became leaderless. Their German counterparts mostly operated from ‘command tanks’ equipped with…

Axis Baltic 26 Min Read

The Swedish Question I

Sweden’s role in World War II has evoked little interest outside of that country. Although we now know this nation would never enter the war, Hitler and Dönitz could not count on this. For Hitler Sweden represented a valuable source of raw materials and manufactured goods, as well as a…

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Army Group North’s Years of Hope and Frustration I

1941: Race to Moscow, German Army Group North, the leadership. The German Push to Leningrad…

ROMANIAN AIR SERVICE WWII Part I

On the morning of August 1, 1943, Consolidated B-24 Liberators attached to the IX USAAF…

Armies of El Alamein II

he oddity of the Eighth Army was that though this was essentially Britain’s war, at…

The Kuban Air Battles I

I. Pokryshkin and his squadron mate Dmitry B. Glinka (brother of Boris Glinka, also ace…