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Military Parade of Emperor Paul in front of Mikhailovsky Castle painting by Alexandre Benois Paul made several idiosyncratic and deeply unpopular attempts to reform the army. Under Catherine’s reign, Grigori Potemkin introduced new uniforms that were cheap, comfortable, and practical, and designed in a distinctly Russian style. Paul decided to fulfil his predecessor Peter III’s intention of introducing Prussian uniforms.…
Boer Republics At the outbreak of war in 1899 the British faced the forces of two Boer Republics. The principal combatant was the South African Republic (Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek), which the British knew by its former name of the Transvaal, and the secondary adversary, entering the war in support of the…
Grenadier Guards In 1854 the Crimean War broke out, and an expedition was assembled to be sent to the Crimean Peninsula in the Black Sea. After some weeks in Malta, the First Guards (3rd Battalion) sailed as part of a Guards Brigade for the Dardenelles. Three months, from June to…
Hannibal and his staff at the battle of Zama – art by Giuseppe Rava The Carthaginian army has a mix of all kinds of troops, because of his high proportion of, Spanish and African allies. The Carthaginians relied heavily on mercenaries. Polybius (6.52.4) believed the Roman army was superior to…
Battle of Gabiene, artwork by J. Shumate. Battle of Gabiene (316 BCE; located in modern-day Iran) was a second great battle (after Paraitakene) between two of Alexander the Great’s successors and ended the Asian part of the Second Diadoch War. It had been fought between Eumenes of Cardia, representing the…
The battle at Gabiene in 316 took place much earlier in the year than anyone expected. Antigonus realized that Eumenes’ army was scattered around the province. He believed that a sudden march direct for Eumenes through difficult desert terrain in the dead of winter would catch Eumenes by surprise and…
There are several nationalities who fought on the Hungarian side in this conflict. The most important of them is the Polish Legion. Polish cavalry, infantry and officers From left to the right: Soldier of the German Legion, the Polish Legion and a jaeger of Tyrol Here are some generals: Arthur…
The Hanoverian contingent in Wellington’s army was integrated fully into the British divisional structure; it…
As more centralized governments developed during the Later Middle Ages (1000-1500), significant changes took place…
Chandragupta governed a true monarchical imperial state. The king ruled with the help of a…
Weapons and Warfare
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This website utilizes various technologies that are meant to make it as accessible as possible at all times. We utilize an accessibility interface that allows persons with specific disabilities to adjust the website’s UI (user interface) and design it to their personal needs.
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Our website implements the ARIA attributes (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) technique, alongside various different behavioral changes, to ensure blind users visiting with screen-readers are able to read, comprehend, and enjoy the website’s functions. As soon as a user with a screen-reader enters your site, they immediately receive a prompt to enter the Screen-Reader Profile so they can browse and operate your site effectively. Here’s how our website covers some of the most important screen-reader requirements, alongside console screenshots of code examples:
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Despite our very best efforts to allow anybody to adjust the website to their needs. There may still be pages or sections that are not fully accessible, are in the process of becoming accessible, or are lacking an adequate technological solution to make them accessible. Still, we are continually improving our accessibility, adding, updating and improving its options and features, and developing and adopting new technologies. All this is meant to reach the optimal level of accessibility, following technological advancements. For any assistance, please reach out to
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