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Squires There was a large number of squires in the army, certainly more than the number of knights, as each had one or more squires to assist him. The exact role and status of the squires, variously known as âarmigeriâ or âecuyersâ, seemed to vary according to individual circumstances. And the term âsquireâ covered a range of different social positions.…
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An RAF Avro Lancaster drops âWindowâ chaff. These clouds of aluminum strips showed as false echoes on German radar screens,…
WOULD KENNEDY HAVE WITHDRAWN RATHER THAN ESCALATED THE U. S. MILITARY PRESENCE IN VIETNAM? Many of Kennedyâs associates and admirers…
Porpoise, the first post-war operational submarine design. For their day, they were exceptionally quiet. By 1948 it was recognised that…
When the Civil War began, leaders in both the North and the South thought that it would be a short war, but the two sides had very different military strategies regarding how to bring about…
Following the attack on Fort Sumter and the secession by the Confederacy the Union devised a strategy to limit the length of the war. Lincoln had no desire for further bloodshed and thus wanted a…
The entire goal of the American Revolution including the penning of the Declaration of Independence was to gain the colonists and the newly formed American nation legitimacy internationally. The Declaration of Independence was written to…
Briefly during 1943 the Eighth operated a force of medium bombers â Martin B-26 Marauders. The aircraft had first appeared…
Major General Kirkeâs fleet continued to lie in the lough and the people and garrison of the beleaguered city wondered…
When the Germans sent their eight divisions to the east, they brought a new style to warfare there. These, and…
Five days after the recapture of South Georgia, this signal arrived at Ascension Island on the evening of 30 April.…
A Stryker lies on its side following a buried IED blast in Iraq. (2007) This Cougar in Al Anbar, Iraq, was hit by a directed charge IED, approximately 90â136Â kg. On May 26, 2003, Private First Class Jeremiah D. Smith, a twenty-five-year-old soldier from Missouri, was driving in an Army vehicle…
At around the same time as the Germans were invading Yugoslavia, they attacked mainland Greece from the north. The Greek army was quickly surrounded and the British troops supporting it were forced to retreat southward. By the end of April 1941, the British had been evacuated to Crete, the Greek…
Although initially hampered by the restrictions imposed by the Versailles Treaty, Germany rapidly developed a system of highly effective antiaircraft weapons. An early attempt, adopted in 1928, the 75mm FlaK 38 fired a 14-pound shell to a maximum ceiling of 37,730 feet. In the decade following World War I, Krupp…
Constant talk of shell-shortage, and the blaming of everything upon it, concealed a much more important factor: the increasing crisis of authority in the Russian army. Shell-shortage, lack of officers, and the increasing restiveness of the men were the three factors that most influenced the shape of affairs in 1915,…
Diocletian and Constantine presided over a major restructuring of the army, alongside their reform of civil administration. Troops were now divided into two distinct grades, the comitatenses and limitanei. The latter received less pay and had lower physical requirements, but were still full-time professional soldiers. The root of the name…
The racy Viggen (Thunderbolt) was historyâs first canard fighter and a formidable interceptor. Until recently it formed the bulk of Swedish air strength, operating from hidden roadways deep in the woods. In the 1960s Sweden began considering a replacement for its aging Saab J 32 Lansens. It was determined to…
Following Hitlerâs decision to give Kesselring complete charge in Italy, the OKW were all for disbanding the staff of Army Group B. But as von Rundstedtâs chief of Staff, General GĂŒnther Blumentritt explains, Hitler had other ideas: âAgainst this Hitler ordered its revival. He knew that in 1944 some-thing vital…
Empress Maria Theresa as Queen of Hungary, wearing the crown of St. Stephen, with sword in hand. Empress Maria Theresa On Horseback Inspecting Austrian Troops. Austrian Infantry : Grenadiers of 2 Austrian regiments and the Hungarian regiment of Ujvary: Battle of Mollwitz fought on 10th April 1745 in the First…
British coastal assault on St Cast in Brittany in September 1758. A German map, published…
Schnellboot S-80 torpedo boat Camo Operations with the Kriegsmarine S-boats were often used to patrol…
American Lend-Lease supplies to the USSR 1941â45. Soviet historiography is mocked in the West, where…
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