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World War I In the First World War, the Czechs served in the Austro-Hungarian army, but mass desertions were widespread. Czechoslovak legions were formed in France, Italy and Russia to fight for Czechoslovak independence from Austria-Hungary. This is why Czech pilots could be found on both sides of the conflict. Many Czech pilots were trained in France due to the…
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Italy and the naval bombardment of Genoa in 1684 At the same time as Strasbourg was being swallowed up in…
Puzzled by the disappearance of the rebels from across the creek next morning, Curtis was in the worse-than-tortoise position of…
Adopted in 1937 and designed for defense against smaller and faster vessels, the dual-mounted 6-pdr, 10-cwt Mk1 Twin had caliber…
When the Civil War began, leaders in both the North and the South thought that it would be a short war, but the two sides had very different military strategies regarding how to bring about…
Following the attack on Fort Sumter and the secession by the Confederacy the Union devised a strategy to limit the length of the war. Lincoln had no desire for further bloodshed and thus wanted a…
The entire goal of the American Revolution including the penning of the Declaration of Independence was to gain the colonists and the newly formed American nation legitimacy internationally. The Declaration of Independence was written to…
Ottoman 3rd Army winter gear The Battle of Sarikamish, December 29th, 1914. With the Ottoman assault on Sarikamish having stalled,…
Merv was the eastern limit of Parthian rule in inner Asia and the oasis would have been a formidable frontier…
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The Second Sudan War, 1896-8 Despite their tactical reverses, the dervishes followed up the British withdrawal from the Sudan. On…
This painting by Thomas Luny shows the final stage of the capture of the French 80-gun Guillaume Tell by HMS Foudroyant, also 80 guns, off Malta on 30 March 1800. The other British ships are the 64-gun Lion (to the right) and the frigate Penelope, whose skilful harassing attacks had…
The first few months of Henry V’s reign gave little indication that any radical change in the appreciation of naval power was in the offing. The clerk of the king’s ships for the period March to June 1413, one William Loveney, stated in his accounts that he had neither received…
Warfare was a major and regular component of early historic life. Heroic literature, such as the Gododdin, paints a picture of an aggressive society in which petty kings and their personal warrior retinues were ‘nurtured on wine and mead’ and fought to obtain personal glory and material wealth. Contemporary poetry…
Successive Chinese assaults on the Hook position defended by the 1st Battalion, The Duke of Wellington’s Regiment on the night of 28 May 1953. The fourth Chinese assault on the right flank of 1 battalion, the Duke of Wellington’s was repulsed by the 1st Battalion, The King’s Regiment, with the…
A striking paradox of Peter the Great’s rule is that, despite his many achievements in building a strong Russian state, he failed to establish a reliable mechanism for the transfer of supreme executive power and helped create the conditions for a century of palace coups. In the century after Peter’s…
Casablanca As weather slowed operations in Tunisia, Roosevelt and Churchill decided to meet again to sort out the next steps in their world war. The Anfa Hotel, five miles outside Casablanca, served as the conference site. Considerable optimism surrounded the conference, a far cry from six months previously. Now the…
PROJECT KOSTROMITINOV Aircraft 66 Fighters 40 bombers/torpedo bombers Guns 8×2 152 mm 4×3+6×2 100mm FlaK 8×4 – 37mm 22×2 – 23 mm Catapults 2 Armour (mm) Deck- 50+130 Side- 100 Hanger- 40 Top Speed (kts) 32 Range (at 18 kts) 8000 Project Kostromitinov is one of the most interesting, yet…
The SS-Verfügungstruppe, combat support force, or SS-VT was created in 1934 from the merger of various Nazi and right-wing paramilitary formations. Two regiments were formed, in northern Germany the SS-Standarte “Germania”, and in southern Germany SS-Standarte “Deutschland”. In Berlin-Brandenburg they were incorporated into the SS-Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler. SS-Verfügungstruppe was considered…
British coastal assault on St Cast in Brittany in September 1758. A German map, published…
Schnellboot S-80 torpedo boat Camo Operations with the Kriegsmarine S-boats were often used to patrol…
American Lend-Lease supplies to the USSR 1941–45. Soviet historiography is mocked in the West, where…
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