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As Islam was embroiled with its counter-crusade against the Christian infidel in the Holy Land, a new, more ominous threat was emerging from the east. Mongol and Turkish tribesmen, under the charismatic leadership of the Mongol warlord Temuchin (1167â1227), were massing for the greatest conquests in human history. Genghis Khan (the title Temuchin took in 1206) and his powerful nomadic…
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Capture of Kent by Confiance. Painting by Ambroise Louis Garneray. Robert Surcouf had made his name and fortune years in…
Damascus in flames after High Commissioner Sarrail gave orders to shell the city. Sultan Pasha al-Atrash, leader of Great Syrian…
Governor-General of British territories in India Charles Canningâs next decision meant that, instead of a series of mopping-up operations, conducted…
When the Civil War began, leaders in both the North and the South thought that it would be a short war, but the two sides had very different military strategies regarding how to bring about…
Following the attack on Fort Sumter and the secession by the Confederacy the Union devised a strategy to limit the length of the war. Lincoln had no desire for further bloodshed and thus wanted a…
The entire goal of the American Revolution including the penning of the Declaration of Independence was to gain the colonists and the newly formed American nation legitimacy internationally. The Declaration of Independence was written to…
On May 29, 1453, Constantinople was conquered by the Ottoman Turks, bringing to an end the 1,123-year history of the…
THE PONTE DIRILLO CROSSING SITE, seized by paratroopers on D-day. At various airfields in North Africa during the afternoon of…
The East India Companyâs army was commanded by Major General Arthur Wellesley, a skilled tactician who had previously defeated the…
The Blockade of Toulon, 1810-14: Pellewâs Action, 5 November 1813, Thomas Luny, 1830, National Maritime Museum. Battle of Port Royal: Harperâs Weekly, November 30, 1861 » LINK Isolation by a warring nation of a particular enemy area. The employment of naval blockades in war has been practiced since the beginning…
Seven hundred years before young Scythian women died in battle and were buried with weapons as grave goods, General Fu Hao (ca. 1200 BCE) flourished and fought to defend the Shang dynasty in Bronze Age China (ca. 1600â046 BCE)âthe earliest woman warrior I know of for whom we have a…
The character of the French and British North American âempiresâ differed greatly. Although the French did war against the Iroquois, Natchez, Fox, and other tribes, they did not âconquerâ New France; they merely paid very high tolls to the Indians for the privilege of exploiting it. Beyond their narrow ribbon…
Syria was Faisalâs goal as well as Lawrenceâs. In December 1917 a report filed at GHQ intelligence in Cairo, presumably by Lawrence, indicated that Faisal was already entertaining ambitions to move north and put himself at the head of a Syrian national movement. Secret exchanges between representatives of Nuri Shalaan…
âYeagerâs First Jetâ by Roy Grinnell (P-51D Mustang) Chuck Yeager had grown up poor on a hardscrabble farm alongside the Mud River in Myra, West Virginia. As a kid he butchered hogs, picked beans, and shot squirrels to help put food on the family table. In high school he was…
The Battle of Valmy was a decisive victory for the French revolutionary army. The French Revolutionary Wars are customarily defined as the struggles between France on the one hand and the First and Second Coalitions on the other, between 1792 and 1802. The First Coalition initially pitted Austria and Prussia,…
German shock troops training for the attack. German Stormtroopers were first used in the Verdun battle. The Scared Way-French Supply Road to Verdun. The Michelin Battlefield Guide, published shortly after the war under the title Verdun and the Battles for its Possession, identified four periods in the 1916 battle. The…
The DUKW was used in landings in the Mediterranean, Pacific, on the D-Day beaches of Operation Husky, Normandy, but also during the Battle of the Scheldt, Operation Veritable and Operation Plunder. Its principal use was to ferry supplies from ship to shore, but it was used for other tasks, such…
British coastal assault on St Cast in Brittany in September 1758. A German map, published…
Schnellboot S-80 torpedo boat Camo Operations with the Kriegsmarine S-boats were often used to patrol…
American Lend-Lease supplies to the USSR 1941â45. Soviet historiography is mocked in the West, where…
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