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An Abwehr unit Ā composed of Indian volunteers and recruits, the Indische Legion (Indian Legion) was conceived in April 1941 following the arrival in Berlin of Subhas Chandra Bose, the leader of the radical wing of the All-Indian Congress. Bose had escaped from British house arrest in Calcutta with the assistance of both the Abwehr and the NKVD (Soviet Peopleās Commissariat…
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The conflict is traditionally called the Third Punic War but the siege of Carthage might be a more accurate name,…
D-Day plunged relations between de Gaulle and the Allies into a fresh crisis as the general was excluded from planning…
The Antonine Wall runs between the Forth and Clyde in Scotland, about 100 miles (160 km) north of Hadrianās Wall.…
When the Civil War began, leaders in both the North and the South thought that it would be a short war, but the two sides had very different military strategies regarding how to bring about…
Following the attack on Fort Sumter and the secession by the Confederacy the Union devised a strategy to limit the length of the war. Lincoln had no desire for further bloodshed and thus wanted a…
The entire goal of the American Revolution including the penning of the Declaration of Independence was to gain the colonists and the newly formed American nation legitimacy internationally. The Declaration of Independence was written to…
Synopsis Gallipoli is an Australian war film produced by Patricia Lovell and Robert Stigwood, directed by Peter Weir, and starring…
Battle of NĆ”jera, from a fifteenth-century manuscript, the English and Pedro are on the left. (1362-1369) The naval Battle of…
King Philip V, and Amyntas, Son of Alexandros, 197 BC Battle of Cynoscephalae When the Greek world had first become…
The air-delivered German SD 2 Schmetterling (butterfly) cluster bomb appears to be the first purpose-built scatterable landmine laying system employed…
Mujahedeen rebels aim US-made Stinger missiles near Gardez, Afghanistan. Afghan guerrillas own a downed Soviet Mi-8B helicopter gunship, near the Salang Highway, a vital supply route north from Kabul to the Soviet border. Picture released on January 12, 1981. There are many claims about the impact of the Stinger Missile…
The dilemmas of command at sea at the strategic and operational levels evident during the Armada campaign were no less severe at the tactical level. Naval battles fought under sail before the mid-sixteenth century more closely resembled contemporary land engagements than they did the epic sea battles of the seventeenth…
The rise of the Delhi Sultanate, although it brought many changes to north India, had little direct impact on the lands south of the Narmada river. Only from around 1300, when the Delhi Sultanate began sending armies down into the peninsula, did the histories of these two parts of the…
In the day battles of the summer of 1940, German bombers often returned safely with up to 200 hits from rifle-calibre machine guns. This was made possible by a combination of armour protection and self-sealing fuel tanks. The main armament of the latest RAF night fighter, the Beaufighter, consisted of…
The scuttled French fleet at Toulon: aerial pictures. On 28 November 1942, the day after the scuttling and firing of the ships of the French fleet in Toulon harbour, photographs were taken by the Royal Air Force. Many of the vessels were still burning so that smoke and shadows obscure…
On his return to Italy, Frederick met with greater success in confounding the plans of the Pope than he had in overcoming the opposition of the Popeās allies in Outremer. The papal army besieging Capua under the two old-timers, John of Brienne and Cardinal Pelagius, retreated and then disintegrated as…
Twenty-one days after the invasion of Iraq, 42 Commando trudge though Basra, supported by British Challenger 2s. Basra ā Iraqās second-largest city and main seaport ā lies (according to Iraqi figures) 67km from the Gulf, 549km from the Iraqi capital and 50km from the Iraqi-Kuwaiti borderThe Tigris and Euphrates rivers…
SHORT ACCOUNT OF COMBAT OPERATIONS FIGHTING TO THE EAST OF BERLIN 16 ā 22 April 1945 Before the beginning of the finalĀ Russian offensive one panzer division and four panzer grenadier divisions were held in reserve behind the Oder Front. They had suffered severe casualties in the earlier fighting and had…
British coastal assault on St Cast in Brittany in September 1758. A German map, published…
Schnellboot S-80 torpedo boat Camo Operations with the Kriegsmarine S-boats were often used to patrol…
American Lend-Lease supplies to the USSR 1941ā45. Soviet historiography is mocked in the West, where…
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