Trade
Portuguese in the Indian Ocean
Under Malik Ayaz’s stewardship Diu at 1500 had risen to be one of the great ports in India. About one half of his income came from the port. This wealth and Diu’s strategic location enabled the Malik to acquire a considerable degree of independence from his overlord, the sultan of Gujarat. His initial reaction to the Portuguese seems to have…
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Russian arms exporter: S-400s delivery measures to Turkey completed.
All preliminary measures for the delivery of Russian S-400 missile defense systems to Turkey are complete, the head of Russia’s arms export company Rosoboronexport said on June 26.      Russia received payment for the air defense missiles, manufactured the hardware and completed the training of the Turkish military personnel who would…
Portuguese and Spanish in the Pacific
On September 20, 1519, Magellan set sail from Spain in an effort to find a western sea route to the rich Spice Islands of Indonesia. In command of five ships and 270 men, Magellan sailed to West Africa and then to Brazil, where he searched the South American coast for…
Transfer of military technologies:Â Imitation
Messerschmitt Me262A-1A Schwalbe Conquest is not the only route through which war disseminates technology. War and preparation for war also encourage societies to imitate one another’s promising military technologies. Often enough, imitation of a military innovation requires assimilation of a whole new set of technologies with both civilian and military…
Spanish 60-gun Heavy Escorts
SLR0436; Warship (1730-40); Spanish; 60 guns, stern view While the Royal Navy stagnated in the age of the establishments, the French and Spanish were building bigger and better ships. In style this model of a Spanish ship has much in common with British practice, and British shipwrights were employed in…
MANILA GALLEON TRADE
NavĂo Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza, 50-guns 1732-1750. A Manila Galleon of the eighteenth century. Pacific Routes-Manila Galleons After the discovery of a sea route from the Philippines to Mexico in 1565, the Spanish began employing a highly profitable, though dangerous, trade route. Ships especially outfitted to carry large…
The Saka Kingdom and Imperial Rome
Roman trade in the subcontinent according to the Periplus Maris Erythraei 1st century CE Roman ships leaving the Indus region sailed hundreds of miles south to a port in Gujurat called Barygaza. This was a treacherous sailing for the deep-hulled Roman vessels that might run aground on underwater hazards and…