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The Swiss constitution of 1874 prohibited all military capitulations and the recruitment of Swiss forces by foreign powers with one exception: the Swiss Guard of the papacy. While Swiss soldiers had been used by the popes since the late 14th century, it was not until the pontificate of JULIUS II (1503–13) that the Papal Swiss Guard was officially formed. Through…
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Breton Light Cavalry The Saxons had conquered England from the Romano-British in the fifth and sixth centuries, effectively eliminating them…
The battle of El Alamein had been comprehensively won. The pursuit was bungled, at least in the vital few days…
ORDER FOR FORMATION OF JAGDVERBAND 44 25 FEBRUARY 1945 JV 44 is established at Brandenburg-Briest with immediate effect. Ground personnel…
Weapons and Warfare has been updated with a save posts feature, accessibility options and a new store. While on a post page, you can now easily save a post to read later: New accessibility options…
Read more about the World War II match up between Spitfire XIVs versus Bf 109Ks here:
Read more about the U.S. Brown Water Navy during the Vietnam War here:
Charles V meets with the Bey of Tunis, 1535. Both Habsburg and Ottoman power in North Africa depended in part…
Nomadic horsemen from the Asian steppe, the Mongols established one of the world’s largest ever land empires in the 13th…
The enlargement of the Roman Empire possessions between the rise to power of Justinian (red, 527) and his and Belisarius’s…
The Argentine fleet returned to its base after the initial landing on 2 April, its welcome as the force which…
21 August 1670-1734 Background and early career Berwick was a bastard of James Duke of York (later James II) and Arabella Churchill (sister of John Churchill duke of Marlborough). At age 7 Berwick was sent to France in order to raise him in the catholic religion. There he went to…
China’s enemies also came overland during this period. However, as the Mongols pressed southward across the Yangzi (Yangtze) River and encountered Chinese resistance along the coastal waterways, they, too, ordered their Chinese prisoners to construct a fleet. The last Song (Sung) emperor drowned at sea after suffering final defeat at…
Marder I, 17 SS Panzergrenadier Division Gotz von Berlichingen 17. SS commander Werner von Ostendorf (left) plans the attack on Carentan with Fallschirmjager commander Friedrich August Freiherr von der Heydte (centre). Thrown into combat on 10 June 1944 near Carentan, the reconnaissance battalion of the 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division fought…
Aztec warriors wielding macanas (macahuitl), which are oak swords or clubs fitted with rows of obsidian blades. Aztec warriors used these weapons to slash, inflicting long bleeding wounds, or sever, as when they decapitated a mare Cortés’s party brought. Cortés did battle with thousands of Aztec warriors during his campaign…
In New England, the brief span of peace was drawing to a close. The Abnakis had pledged their allegiance to Queen Anne, but their true loyalties lay with the French. Provoked by the English settlers who kept pushing into their territory, the Indians were urged on by French agents who…
Koeingstiger Heavy Tank, sPzAbt 503, Autumn 1944. After completing operations in Budapest, Heavy Tank Battalion 503 was ordered to move southeast to support the 4th SS-Police Panzer-Grenadier Division and the 24th Panzer Division. Due to a shortage of the special railway cars required for transporting Tigers, only one company at…
The Dangers to a marching column are illustrated by the French defeat at El Moungar, in Morocco, on 2nd September 1903. A convoy of 3,000 camels carrying supplies for the fortified post at Taghit was divided into three echelons, in an attempt to minimise the risk if they were attacked.…
The Gallic War II – The Battle of Telamon (225 BC) It is only during the Gallic retreat northwards that Polybius reintroduces the second Consul, C. Atilius Regulus. We have no details of his activities in Sardinia, and only know that he was detained long enough to leave eastern Italy…
British coastal assault on St Cast in Brittany in September 1758. A German map, published…
Schnellboot S-80 torpedo boat Camo Operations with the Kriegsmarine S-boats were often used to patrol…
American Lend-Lease supplies to the USSR 1941–45. Soviet historiography is mocked in the West, where…
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