Wars
The Invasion of France, 1475Â II
The practical outcome of this meeting was a group of diplomatic instruments which have come to be called collectively the Treaty of Picquigny of 29 August 1475. Its terms, which were to govern Anglo-French relations until almost the end of Edward’s reign, may be summarized as follows: 1.A truce between the two kings and their allies to last for seven…
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Army Group North’s Years of Hope and Frustration I
1941: Race to Moscow, German Army Group North, the leadership. The German Push to Leningrad The OKH issued the marshaling order—Aufmarschanweisung Ost (Deployment Directive East)—for the invasion of the Soviet Union on January 31, 1941. With respect to Army Group North, it called for an encirclement of major portions of…
Austria’s Opening Disasters – WWI
Austria’s decision for war against Serbia was not a product of fatalism, fecklessness, or incompetence. Whether to preempt any possibility of a solution to the south Slavic question within Habsburg borders, or from murkier motives with domestic roots, Serbia, by not repudiating the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, had offered…
The Sinai Campaign of 1967 Part I
The Sinai Campaign of 1967 Part II ➡️  Conquest of Sinai. 5–6 June 1967 As a small nation surrounded by enemies, Israel was acutely conscious that if she was to survive she could not afford to lose a battle, much less a war. Of necessity, therefore, the Israeli Defence…
The Sinai Campaign of 1967 Part II
⬅️ The Sinai Campaign of 1967 Part I Conquest of Sinai. 7–8 June 1967 Yet, as the saying goes, who dares wins. The Egyptians, listening to the excited voice on Radio Cairo announcing with more optimism than accuracy that their comrades had captured Beersheba, were quite unprepared for the…
The history of the [Spanish] Army of Flanders and the Eighty Years War. Part I
By Fernando González de LeĂłn It appears that there were two distinct periods or eras in the history of the Army of Flanders and the Eighty Years War. The first one lasted roughly from 1567 to the signing of the Twelve Years Truce in 1609. This first Army of Flanders…
The history of the [Spanish] Army of Flanders and the Eighty Years War. Part II
BATTLE OF ROCROI, 19 MAY 1643 Following successful cavalry charges by Isembourg on the Spanish right and Conde on the French right, the latter won the battle by keeping his horsemen in check, riding across the rear of the Spanish infantry, and attacking Isembourg’s cavalry from behind. Once the Spanish…