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Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias: Nicholas I The diplomacy of Nicholas I, then, all too often consisted in using inadequate means to try to reach the unattainable. Nicholas’s approach to the use of his military power was also faulty. Consider, for example, his practice of using his army as an instrument of deterrence and intimidation. It is always…
14th Air Force B-24, China, c. 1944. Newly arrived Fourteenth Air Force B-24 Liberators on the line at Kunming Airport. B-25s in China. The Japanese were unable to defeat Nationalist China before they had commitments to their Pacific War, from December 1941. Now with Allied aid supporting China, even if…
A Chinese cavalryman c. 1260 is shown firing on a Mongolian warrior. The huo qiang or fire lance, which may date back to the 10th century. It was essentially a hollow tube made from thick layers of I paper, inside which was put a charge of gunpowder and shrapnel pieces.…
“Aoyama; Kanpeishiki no Zu”. Emperor Meiji holds a military review at army camp in Aoyama. The Reorganized Superintendency In May 1885 the army ministry revised the garrison regulations. The commander of each garrison became a division commander while the superintendent controlled two divisions and became a corps commander.48 This was…
As far as high-speed mechanized troops are concerned and their location on the forward zone, one has, in general, to see the threat of their sudden concentration in the mere fact of their existence. These motorized troops, having carried out a march of up to 100 kilometers on the day…
Barbarossa’s failure to deliver the knockout blow and the subsequent failure to take Moscow suggest that December 1941 was the moment Germany lost the war. At best, it could expect a long war of attrition in a struggle against the combined might of the United States, the British Empire, and…
The impact of gunpowder on warfare made itself felt in the field of tactics above all. Its effect on organization, logistics, intelligence, command and control, and on strategy itself, was much less, and for the most part indirect. To understand the technological reality underlying the evolution of warfare in these…
14th Air Force B-24, China, c. 1944. Newly arrived Fourteenth Air Force B-24 Liberators on…
On February 5, 1943 this army was designated as the 70th Army with Far-Eastern, Transbaikal,…
The story of the Sherman tank in Soviet service during World War II has received…
The Incan military was highly organized and consisted of nearly 200,000 soldiers. The military served…
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